For years, retirement drawdown advice was often boiled down to one simple rule: spend your cash and ISAs first, and leave your pension until last. In many cases, that was sensible. But from April 2027, it may no longer be the default answer. That does not mean everyone should suddenly start spending their pension first.
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Many business owners think that once they sell the business, the hard part is done. It often is not. Selling a business can turn something hard to access into cash. But it does not automatically sort out tax, retirement income, investing, passing money on, or what happens next. This matters even more now because the
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When people think about retirement, they usually ask: “Do I have enough money?” That matters. But there is another important question: “Which pot should I take money from first?” If you get that wrong, you may pay more tax than necessary and make your later retirement more difficult. If you get it right, your money
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The tax year ends on 5 April 2026. That deadline matters, but it does not mean you should use every allowance just because it exists. Good tax planning is about making sensible moves that improve your long-term plan, cut unnecessary taxes, and keep your money in the right place. For 2025/26, the key figures are:
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If you remember the Health and Social Care Levy being announced with a lot of fanfare in 2021… you’re not imagining it. However, the key update is simple: there is no Health and Social Care Levy in place today. It was introduced briefly via higher National Insurance in 2022/23 and then cancelled and repealed before it ever
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Most people don’t actually want to “retire” in one dramatic moment. They want to step down: fewer days, less pressure, more life… while still keeping the future safe. The problem is that a phased retirement can go one of two ways: Designed (calm, controlled, tax-efficient, flexible), or Drifted into (random withdrawals, surprise tax bills, and
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Picture this: you get a WhatsApp from your son. Or a call from your “bank”. Or a voice note from your partner. It sounds right. It uses the right words. And it’s urgent. That’s the big change in 2026. AI hasn’t made scams “genius”, it’s just made them more believable and more frequent. This isn’t
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For years, families have used Business Property Relief (BPR) and Agricultural Property Relief (APR) to pass on trading businesses and farms without a large Inheritance Tax (IHT) bill. From 6 April 2026, those reliefs change in a way that will matter a lot if you have a valuable business, a farm, or you’ve been relying
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If you’re a parent or grandparent, there’s a pretty good chance you’ve found yourself in the role of the “Bank of Mum & Dad”. Maybe your daughter is itching to buy her first home, but is just a bit short on the deposit. Perhaps your son and his partner are feeling the financial strain of
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Inheriting money is rarely just about the money It often arrives at a time of grief, change, or family tension. You might feel guilty spending it, worried about “doing the right thing”, or quietly scared you’ll waste an opportunity your parents or relatives worked hard to create. If that’s you, you’re not alone. And the
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If you’ve been following the news lately, you might have noticed headlines like: “A handful of AI stocks dominate the S&P 500. If they fall, the whole market falls.” It’s a valid concern. A key reason many investors prefer index funds is the diversification they offer. However, right now (December 2025), around 36% of the
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People ask us versions of the same question all the time: “Is £1 million enough to retire on?” “What’s my number?” “How much do I actually need so I can stop work and not worry?” On the surface, it sounds like a maths problem but really, it’s a life question. Most people don’t care whether
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After weeks of speculation, the Autumn Budget finally landed. There were no dramatic changes to pension tax relief or income tax rates, but there were plenty of “quiet” changes that will increase the tax take over time. The broad theme is raising more money by freezing thresholds and increasing tax on savings, investments and property
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The Autumn Budget is coming soon, on Wednesday 26 November. Whether you’re a saver, investor, homeowner, pension holder, or small business owner, the upcoming Autumn Budget on Wednesday, 26 November, is of significant importance to you. This is a preview, not a prediction sheet, and none of it is personal advice. First things first: don’t
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There’s a common idea in investing: when a market story becomes popular enough to land on a major magazine cover, it might be reaching its peak and could soon decline. Notable examples include BusinessWeek’s 1979 cover story titled “The Death of Equities,” right before a long bull market, and The Economist’s 1999 “Drowning in Oil”
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If you have a defined contribution (DC) pension in the UK, it’s essential to understand what happens to your pension savings after you die. The good news is that the rules for distributing DC pension benefits after death are relatively simple. Can I control who gets my pension money when I die? When you die,
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Everybody wants investment growth. You also want confidence, clarity, and calm. A new UK study of 1,016 advised investors and 209 advisers shows the best financial advice delivers all four. The headline Most investors say advice boosts outcomes. Ninety-four per cent believe their adviser added to portfolio growth, with an average perceived “alpha” of 6.5%.
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If you’ve changed jobs a few times, there’s a good chance you’ve left a pension or two behind. You wouldn’t be alone. The Association of British Insurers estimates that more than £26 billion of UK pension savings are sitting in “lost” pots. With auto-enrolment now over a decade old, that number continues to grow. The
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Every Budget season, the headlines heat up: “X tax is going up,” “Y allowance is on the chopping block,” “Changes could be effective immediately.” It’s natural to feel the urge to “do something.” But acting on speculation about what a Chancellor might announce, and when any change would actually take effect, is just another form
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Most of us want to make life easier for the people we leave behind. Yet when someone dies, families often face not just grief but a mountain of admin, confusion, and stress. That’s where a simple “When I Die” list comes in. It isn’t morbid. It’s an act of care that can bring you and
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If you own global investments while living in the UK, you take two rides at once: the ups and downs of the assets themselves and the zigzags of the currencies they are priced in. That “FX” second ride can quietly amplify or offset returns, and it also shows up in day-to-day life through the price
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When most people hear “cashflow modelling,” they picture charts and guesses. This is fair, but when done correctly, cashflow modelling is a decision tool to rehearse big life choices before making them. Here are seven decisions it helps with, plus three sample timelines to demonstrate how it works (no product or rate specifics). 1) “When
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Most people worry about money at some point in their lives. Common questions we hear include: Will we be able to maintain our lifestyle in retirement? Could we cope financially if one of us needed long-term care? What happens to my partner if I die (or to me if they die)? How would a prolonged
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Unit trusts and OEICs (Open-Ended Investment Companies) are collective investment schemes that make investing more accessible, allowing individuals to participate in a large portfolio of assets by pooling their money with that of other investors. This gives the individual access to a much wider spread of holdings than can usually be achieved with smaller sums
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If you have an offshore investment bond issued from Dublin and it’s held in a UK trust, there’s a new rule you need to be aware of. From 5 March 2025, UK trusts holding these Irish bonds must be registered not just with HMRC in the UK, but also on Ireland’s own Central Register of
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The government’s new draft rules mean that from 6 April 2027 most untouched pension pots will count towards Inheritance Tax. That move alone is expected to drag an estimated 10,500 new estates into IHT each year and lift average liabilities by about £34,000. Now it’s your executors, not the pension provider, who will be responsible
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Those in control of extracting money from their business have three main options. These are to withdraw the money, either as salary, dividends, or through employer pension contributions. To meet the immediate income needs of a shareholding director, the company accountant will often suggest paying a minimal salary, perhaps up to the secondary earnings limit
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The Chancellor’s Autumn Statement announced that starting in April 2027, money in a pension might be subject to Inheritance Tax (IHT). As a result, more parents are wondering if they should withdraw some tax-free cash now and give it to their children instead. If done correctly, it can be a good decision. If done incorrectly,
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Over the summer, the Government struck a landmark deal with 17 of the UK’s largest pension providers: the Mansion House Accord. By 2030, these companies plan to invest at least 10% of the money in their default workplace pension funds into private assets. This may sound complicated, but it could affect your retirement savings soon,
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Suppose your loved ones include children, adults with disabilities, or anyone who might struggle to manage money or personal decisions alone. In that case, a “standard” will could leave them exposed. The right will and, crucially, the correct supporting documents can safeguard their security, state-benefit entitlement, and long-term quality of life. Below is a practical
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Investing in gold seems attractive when news reports talk about high prices, but looks can be deceiving. In the last 18 months, gold prices have risen about 60%, reaching around £2,500 to £2,600 per ounce. However, history shows that gold does not always protect against inflation; its long-term returns are lower than stocks, and making a poor timing
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Big changes are coming for family businesses regarding inheritance tax. If you own a family business, here’s what’s changing and what you can do about it. Why does it matter? Inheritance tax (IHT) is set at 40% on anything you leave beyond the £325,000 threshold. This threshold increases to £650,000 if you pass your unused
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If you’ve followed the news or checked your pensions or investments during a market downturn, you know how chaotic it can feel. One moment everything seems fine, and the next you’re asking “What just happened?” The good news is stock market drops are normal, and financial advice can help turn them into chances for a
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When the new tax year rolls around, many of us breathe a sigh of relief; last year’s tax affairs are sorted. But this isn’t just a time to relax; it’s also the ideal moment to prepare for the tax year ahead. Being proactive at the start of the tax year can significantly reduce your tax
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If you have extra money and haven’t used your full £20,000 ISA allowance, now is a good time to think about it. There are talks about changing ISAs, possibly reducing the cash ISA limit to just £4,000. But don’t worry too much; any big changes are not expected until at least April 2026. What’s the
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Following Chancellor Rachel Reeves’ impactful Autumn Budget in 2024, anticipation was high around her recent Spring Statement. So, what’s changed, what’s staying the same, and what does it all mean for your finances? A Breath of Relief on Personal Taxes Worried about new tax increases affecting your wallet? Breathe easy! Reeves has stuck to personal
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Clarity is essential for your financial future. While Saint James Place has begun to introduce a more transparent charging structure, transparency has always been our hallmark at PWS Financial Consulting. We clearly state our fees without any hidden charges. A Comparison On a £500,000 portfolio (split 50/50 between pension and ISA), our lower costs benefit
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Investment opportunities exist worldwide. However, the unpredictability of global stock returns makes it extremely challenging to identify which markets are likely to outperform How can I deal with this kind of uncertainty? First, you should remember that it’s challenging, at best, to predict a country’s returns by looking at the past, as shown by the
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In recent years, you may have seen prices rise, whether it’s the cost of your food shop or your energy bill. Although inflation has decreased from a high of 11.1% in 2022, it remained above the Bank of England’s (BoE) target of 2% for most of 2024, ending the year at about 2.5%. This situation
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Stock markets are unfair; a few companies are responsible for most of the returns. This might seem chaotic, but it’s just how things work. What Do You Mean By Concentration? Imagine discovering that only 3.4% of all companies in the stock market have created all the wealth since 1926. This may seem unfair, but research
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Valentine’s Day isn’t just about chocolates and roses – it’s also a great reminder to think about your financial future together. Whether you’re a new couple, have been together for a while, or are preparing for retirement, making wise financial choices now can help ensure your future security. If you’re single, managing your finances is
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The relationship between America and China is significant in global finance. If recent news has you feeling uneasy, you’re not alone. The truth is, while US-China politics can affect your investments, it is vital to take a long-term view. A Rocky Romance on the Global Stage The relationship between America and China is far from
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Productivity experts suggest that sometimes you have to do less to get more. This is something that equally applies to high earners who paying for childcare. Earnings and Childcare According to the UK government, nearly one million people in the UK earn between £75,300 and £96,400, most of whom are over 35.[1] At first glance,
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If you’ve put in hard work to create wealth, it can be very frustrating to think about giving 40% of it to the taxman after you pass away. Luckily, there are ways to transfer your wealth efficiently and tax-free while you’re still alive, with one of the best methods being to give gifts from your
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Have you ever thought about a special formula that wealthy people follow? You’re not alone! Many believe they have secret knowledge. Wealthy individuals usually follow a few practical habits that anyone can adopt. If you want to start building genuine, lasting wealth, keep reading. They Focus on Equity Many people believe that a high salary
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If you’re considering estate planning, you’ve probably come across terms like “trusts” and “Inheritance Tax (IHT).“ There’s a helpful strategy using trusts that can help lower taxes called the Rysaffe Principle. Let’s see how this principle can work with trusts to protect your assets. How Do Trusts Play a Role in the Rysaffe Principle? Trusts
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The Autumn Budget updated inheritance tax (IHT), affecting how much of your estate you can pass on tax-free. Although less severe than expected, more people will likely pay IHT in the coming years. So, it’s important that you review your plans and minimise the potential tax burden. What’s Changed? Chancellor Rachel Reeves introduced three key
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Have you noticed that one investment in your portfolio performs better than the others? It’s tempting to think, “If it’s doing well now, it will continue.” Our brains expect the future to be like the past. This thought leads us to invest more in top-performing options, believing they will keep doing well. However, we often
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Teaching children about money is a vital life skill, yet many parents shy away from these conversations. A recent study revealed that 85% of parents with children aged 10-20 worry about passing on poor financial habits, leading them to avoid financial discussions altogether. Why Do Parents Hesitate? The study highlights several reasons for this reluctance:
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One of the key announcements in the recent Autumn Budget was that starting in April 2027, Inheritance Tax (IHT) will apply to pension assets. This is a significant change that could greatly affect our retirement and estate planning. Let’s explain what this means. What’s changing? Pensions have been a great way to pass on wealth
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On October 30, 2024, Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced the government’s Autumn Budget, which outlines financial plans for the next five years. The government aims to raise over £40 billion through new tax measures to fill a £22 billion gap in public finances. The goal is to restore economic stability and help people keep more money.
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You can find a guide to the Autumn 2024 Budget here, but here is a simple summary of what it could mean for you. The new Labour Chancellor, Rachel Reeves, presented this budget to address the financial gap left behind. She plans to raise taxes in areas that won’t affect everyday income taxes but will
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The Chartered Institute for Securities and Investments (CISI) holds a prestigious awards night each year. This year’s event took place on 15 October. We are excited to announce that Nicholas Grogan, a Chartered and certified financial planner, won one of the top awards of the night. He received the Certified Financial Planning Professional of the
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There’s big news on the horizon for UK pensioners as the full State Pension is set to rise by £362.65 a year starting 6 April 2025. This 4.1% increase is part of the ‘triple lock’ guarantee, which aims to keep pensions valuable over time. If you receive the full new State Pension, your increase will
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You might have heard that during October and March, there’s an initiative called Free Wills Month. If you are 55 or older, you can have a lawyer write or update your Will for free. This opportunity is funded by charities. While they hope you’ll consider leaving a gift to them in your Will, there’s absolutely
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Did you recently get a promotion or more pay? Congratulations! It’s natural to want to celebrate by buying a new gadget, booking a vacation, or just enjoying having more spending money. But before you dive into spending, it’s important to take a moment to review your finances. If you don’t, you might fall into the
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Are you someone who feels anxious when the markets are unpredictable? You may have heard about “smoothed” funds. These funds are designed to keep your investments steady, offering a way to manage market ups and downs without all the drama. But how do they work, and are they right for your retirement plan? How Do
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Don’t miss out on the chance to increase your State Pension before April 5, 2025. The government is offering a special deal that allows you to fill in any gaps in your National Insurance contributions to boost your pension. You can now go back as far as 2006 to make up for missing years, thanks
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Retirement means big changes in your life, not just stopping work. Saving money is important, but you also need to think about how retirement might make you feel. Some people find it stressful, others find it happy. Many of us worry about money, but if you understand how your money affects your happiness, retirement might
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Lately, there has been a lot of talk about tax and rule changes being announced in the budget on October 30th. You might have heard people expressing worry and making guesses, whether on the news or in conversations with friends. This has been a common topic of discussion lately. However, much of the concern comes
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A financial planner can offer valuable expertise that goes beyond just recommending financial products. This expertise can help business owners make the most of their money both in and out of their business. Let’s look at a few ways a financial planner can provide significant value. Maximising Pensions Some may be aware that when a
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When it comes to inheritance tax (IHT) planning, term assurance can be a game-changer. This life insurance product pays a lump sum if the insured person passes away during the set term. If they outlive the policy, there’s no payout. So, why consider term assurance? Affordable Family Protection Term life insurance is often the most
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How you handle your finances today might be connected to your childhood experiences. Most parents understand how important it is to teach kids about money. Nearly all parents believe that teaching personal finance to 8 to 13-year-olds would help them understand the value of money better. However, they may be starting this important education a
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In the 2021/22 tax year, the government collected £5.99 billion in Inheritance Tax (IHT), the highest amount ever recorded. This represents a 4% increase from the previous year. The rise has been attributed to various factors, including higher asset values such as property and investments. Additionally, more estates are now subject to IHT due to
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After 14 years of Conservative rule in the UK, Labour took over in July. There have been questions about potential changes to taxes since then. Labour has ruled out increasing income tax, national insurance contributions (NICs), and VAT, but they haven’t said anything about pensions, Capital Gains Tax, and inheritance tax (IHT). On the Monday
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Have you noticed higher borrowing costs or better returns on your savings recently? The Bank of England (BoE) increased the base rate 14 times from December 2021 to August 2023, keeping it at a 16-year high of 5.25%. Higher interest rates can curb inflation by encouraging saving over spending. Despite inflation hitting the government target
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The Marshmallow Test, conducted in 1972, was a famous study that looked into how well children could control their impulses. In this test, kids were given a marshmallow and told that if they could wait a short time before eating it, they would receive a second marshmallow as a reward. This study demonstrated that children
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We are now over halfway through 2024, so it’s a good time to look back at what’s been happening in the market over the past six months. Many concerns that worried investors at the start of the year, like inflation, interest rates, and the outcomes of key elections, are still not settled. There’s also ongoing
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Dealing with the loss of a loved one is already difficult without the added stress of managing inheritance tax (IHT). If you have this challenging task ahead, you don’t have to worry, we’ve broken it down into simple, manageable steps. Whether you’re managing an estate or are receiving an inheritance, understanding the process can help
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uThe Labour Party has highlighted stability as the foundation of its economic growth strategy if it were to come into power on July 4. At the party’s manifesto launch, Keir Starmer, the leader of the Labour Party, condemned years of Conservative ‘chaos’ and presented their vision for rejuvenating the economy. Addressing Economic Constraints Labour’s manifesto
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Summer is just around the corner, and with it comes an old saying in the world of finance: “Sell in May and don’t come back ’til St Leger’s Day.” This advice suggests that investors should sell their investments at the start of summer and reinvest in September. But is there any truth behind this adage,
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Investing in private equity (PE) can seem like an exclusive club for the wealthy and well-connected. Let’s talk about private equity and its relevance to your investment strategy. We will explore the advantages and disadvantages in simple terms to showcase the impact of effective financial planning. What is Private Equity? Private equity involves investing in
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Have you sold things like shares, rental property or valuable possessions and made a profit? If you sell something for more than you paid, you may need to pay Capital Gains Tax on the profit. The amount of money you can make each year before paying this tax has been reduced a lot recently. This
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“Loss aversion” is a bias that can significantly influence how you manage your money. This concept was developed by the well-known psychologist Daniel Kahneman, who, along with Amos Tversky, identified this phenomenon in 1979. Kahneman’s research has shown that people feel the pain of losses more acutely than the pleasure of equivalent gains. Understanding this
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Planning for retirement is essential but can be complicated. The key is finding the right strategy to ensure a comfortable retirement. In this post, I will look at two popular strategies for retirement planning: retirement bucketing and the standard portfolio approach. We’ll explore the pros and cons of each approach and see which might be
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As you build an investment portfolio, you probably consider your asset allocation and how that relates to your risk tolerance. But don’t confuse asset allocation with asset location, a straightforward process that could minimise taxes. It’s a simple yet powerful strategy you can easily incorporate into your investment planning. What is asset location? Different types of
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We have updated our guide to actions that could be taken to minimise taxes here. Key points include: Income Tax: Strategies are suggested to reduce taxable income, such as making pension contributions and redistributing investments between spouses to effectively use personal allowances. Capital Gains Tax: The guide discusses annual exemptions and the importance of timing
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The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently approved a new investment fund focusing on Bitcoin, a popular digital currency. This move has sparked much discussion about investing in cryptocurrencies, known for their big price swings. What’s New? In January 2024, the SEC approved investment funds that directly follow the price of Bitcoin. These funds
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Significant changes that the Government has made to ISAs (individual savings accounts) will come into force on 6 April 2024. If you haven’t heard about the new ISA rules, we have summarised them below. So, what are the changes? The minimum age for opening an ISA will increase to 18. From then on, you will
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It’s generally not a good idea to put your home into a trust during your lifetime. Some advisors suggest transferring a share of the home to a trust to increase tax allowances. However, if the amount exceeds certain limits, this can lead to immediate inheritance tax charges. All intentionally set-up trusts need to be registered
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Last year, the government announced that they were getting rid of the Lifetime Allowance (LTA) for pensions. The LTA capped how much money you could save in your pension pot without getting hit by extra taxes. This change caused quite a stir, and not everyone was happy about it. The Labour Party, for instance, said
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The Chancellor announced some important changes in the 2024 Spring Budget that will affect UK workers, investors, and homeowners. The Chancellor has decided to reduce the National Insurance (NI) rate by 2% instead of cutting income tax as some had thought. This approach is aimed at providing workers with direct support. Income tax bands and
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Understanding why we spend money is critical to managing our finances. Research shows that our emotions, social influences, and thought patterns affect our spending habits. By knowing what drives our spending, we can make better choices and develop healthier financial behaviours. So why do we spend more than we need to? Studies have shown that
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With tax reliefs and allowances constantly changing, it is essential to ensure that you are taking full advantage of them. High inflation, freezes on allowances and tax bands, and cuts to CGT and dividend allowances mean you could be feeling the pinch more than ever. You can find our complete guide here, but here are
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A recent study by the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (PLSA) shows that the amount of money required to have a moderate standard of living in retirement has increased significantly. The study found that the increase is 38% or £8,000 more than the previous year. This means that for 2023 to 2024, a single person
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Financial advisors who claim to be comprehensive financial planners often provide a surface level of financial planning. Financial planning requires ongoing effort and cannot be based on incomplete data. Simplified forecasts fail to provide individuals with the comprehensive plans they need. Here are seven key indicators to look out for to gauge whether a financial
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Those in control of how to extract money from their business broadly have three main options. These are to take out the money as salary, dividends, or by making employer pension contributions. When a company director wants to extract profits, they might be advised to pay themselves a minimal salary up to a certain limit
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We have written previously about how it’s become common for employees to exchange part of their salary and/or bonus for increased pension contributions. We previously discussed how this way of saving for retirement may be more attractive than simply contributing as an employee. Attractions of salary sacrifice When an employee pays contributions from their after-tax
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Many analysts are making predictions about the markets and the economy. However, it’s essential to be aware of the limitations of these predictions before making any decisions. The Psychological Urge for Predictability: People tend to rely on market predictions because they prefer certainty over uncertainty. This desire for order and control results from our cognitive
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Since the introduction of pension freedoms in 2015, death benefits have become more generous, particularly if the member passes away before age 75. This entailed tax-free benefits and the option to keep the money in a tax-free pension wrapper. What’s changing from April 2024? Last year, draft legislation to remove the Lifetime Allowance (LTA) suggested
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At the beginning of last year, things were pretty shaky for the economy and global markets. After a rough 2022 with negative returns, the overall mood among investors wasn’t great. Now that the year is over, let’s see what we can learn from 2023. It is crucial to be patient during times when the markets
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The traditional approach for most has been to have a mix of growth assets, such as equities (stocks and shares), and defensive assets, such as bonds, within their portfolio. New research is challenging this approach. What does the research say? The research looked at the returns of various assets from 1890 to 2019. It suggests
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We sometimes receive enquiries from people seeking one-time financial planning without ongoing management. While we are passionate about helping clients plan, we focus on delivering value exceeding our fees. Unfortunately, we have found that one-off engagements don’t align with this goal. Our real value is in continuous planning and review, which is essential for staying
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Deciding to exit your business is a significant step in your journey as an entrepreneur. It is crucial to have a carefully planned exit strategy, regardless of the current stage of your business. However, given the multitude of exit options available, it can take time to determine the best course of action. In this context,
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The shake-up to pensions proposed earlier this year is finally coming to fruition. Starting from April 2024, the Lifetime Allowance (LTA) is being scrapped. That’s the limit on how much you can hold in your pension without facing extra taxes. Instead, we’re getting two new allowances to keep an eye on. These are the lump
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Yesterday, the Chancellor unveiled the Autumn Statement, packed with measures to boost the economy. There’s a lot to unpack for those managing finances or working with a financial planner. Let’s dive into the fundamental changes and see how they might affect you. National Insurance Adjustments – Potential Savings for Individuals For Employees: The Class 1
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Thinking about what happens after we’re gone isn’t fun, but it’s essential, especially for taking care of the people we love. That’s what making a Will is all about. It’s more than just a legal step; it’s how you ensure your stuff – like your house, savings, or other belongings – goes to the people
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Entering the world of financial independence may seem daunting, but you’re not alone! Many have successfully navigated this path, providing us with a map to guide you. Think of it as a marathon. Maintaining a consistent pace, being patient, and staying optimistic are crucial to achieving your goal. It’s not just about running but also
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For many people, ensuring that their loved ones are taken care of after their passing is a top priority. The Main Residence Nil Rate Band exempts those with assets below £1,000,000 from Inheritance Tax (IHT). However, some may find that their home attracts an IHT liability on death. If this applies to you, navigating the
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In a world where we are constantly bombarded with new and shiny things, it can be easy to lose sight of what truly matters: determining how much is truly enough. The question of what it means to be truly rich has been pondered for centuries. From the ancient philosopher Lao Tzu to modern-day thinkers like
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